Small numbers of antigen-presenting cells (APC) expressing MHC class II (dendritic cells and macrophages) are found throughout the tissues of the eye, the brain parenchyma, and the placenta [63, 73, 79, 93, 148, 238, 247]. In contrast to the seminiferous epithelium, moreover, both MHC class I and II proteins are expressed throughout the testicular interstitial tissue. Early in their study, it was recognised that the genes encoding the HLA molecules were highly polymorphic and that there was a need for a systematic nomenclature. However, based on the CWD 2.0.0 catalogue assembled from worldwide population in 2012 by American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ASHI), C*01:02, C*03:03 are common alleles, and C*08:22, C*07:63 are rare alleles in other ethnic populations [13]. In experiments using the 3DL1/L4 chimera expressed in NK cells, SHP-2 but not SHP-1 displayed selective association with the 2DL4 ITIM, suggesting that the ITIM sequence may also contribute to binding partner selection (Yusa et al., 2002). Studies on MHC class II cell expression, however, indicate that there are significant species differences in the number and distribution of these cells in the testis under normal conditions [78, 84, 189, 267]. The efficacy of a single-ITIM-containing receptor was unequivocally confirmed (Yusa et al., 2002). Most KIRs with two immunoglobulin domains (KIR2DL) recognize subsets of HLA-C with specific epitope recognition patterns containing either an Asn at position 80 (C1 epitope) or Lys at position 80 (C2 epitope); whereas, those expressing three immunoglobulin domains (KIR3DL) recognize HLA-A and HLA-B (Figure 7.2) (Lanier et al., 1997). Although most studies have reported a characteristic absence of expression of both MHC class I and class II proteins on the cells of the seminiferous epithelium under normal conditions [7, 55, 78, 84, 190, 267, 299], both are expressed in human spermatozoa [59, 143]. There are two further variables to consider. Takehiko Sasazuki, ... Yasuo Morishima, in Advances in Immunology, 2016. This later expression of MHC molecules may play a role in protection of the sperm against infection in the reproductive tract. Subsequently, the commercial kit FASTYPETM Bio‐Synthesis System (Diagnostica Longwood S:L) was used following the manufacturer′s recommendations.  |  Reduced expression of MHC antigens, especially class Ia (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) and class II antigens, appears to be an important feature of the brain, eye, testis, zona pellucida, and trophoblast [37, 53, 78, 84, 235, 241, 247, 267, 269, 274]. However, the development of molecular biology provided an efficient and reliable technique for allele detection. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. HLA-B*46 and B*73, which are Bw6 alleles but carry an HLA-C1 motif, are both recognised by KIR2DL2/3 (Moesta et al., 2008; Winter et al., 1998). Cancer 2004;100:264–9. Lack of association with the nonmedullary types and possible association with the medullary type, Possible disorder of B‐cell related surveillance and malignant lymphoma of the thyroid, [Antigens of the HLA system in nodular formations of the thyroid gland], HLA‐C genotyping in the Japanese population by the PCR‐SSP method, Molecular cloning of two new HLA‐C alleles: Cw*1801 and Cw*0706, Identification and DNA typing of two Cw7 alleles (Cw*0702 and Cw*0704) in Japanese, with the corrected sequence of Cw*0702, Cytolytic T lymphocytes raised against a human bladder carcinoma recognize an antigen encoded by gene MAGE‐A12, Cancer regression induced by modified CTL therapy is regulated by HLA Class II and Class I antigens in Japanese patients with advanced cancer, [Immunogenetics of Sjogren syndrome in southern Spain], Presence of HLA‐C restricted cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte responses in long‐term nonprogressors infected with human immunodeficiency virus, Conformation and surface expression of free HLA‐Cw1 heavy chains in the absence of beta 2‐microglobulin, HLA and multiple myeloma among black and white men: evidence of a genetic association, Association of MHC Class I with spondyloarthropathies in Kuwait. 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URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123704542000302, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065277615000541, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124055469000054, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123694157500314, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124160040000021, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123704542000077, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416060680000036, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123704542000065, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780120455607500147, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567744305800146, Gene Map of the HLA Region, Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto Thyroiditis, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Takehiko Sasazuki, ... Yasuo Morishima, in, Beelen et al., 2005; Bornhauser et al., 2004; Farag et al., 2006; Giebel et al., 2003, Morishima, Yabe, et al., 2007; Yabe et al., 2008, Expression of the MHC-I genes in the HLA-A, HLA-B, and, Reduced expression of MHC antigens, especially class Ia (HLA-A, HLA-B, and, The HLA system in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Immune Biology of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Historically the class II region has been known as the “HLA-D” region following the characterization of HLA-A, HLA-B and, Signalling events in natural killer cells, P.K.

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