at high Reynolds number (), the aerodynamic drag force can be calculated by this formula: where is the force of drag (in Newton), the density of the air, the speed of the object relative to the fluid (in m/s), the reference surface and the coëfficient of drag. It is therefore unimportant if either the air is moving around a static object or if the object is moving at a speed through static air. Note that a velocity is a vectorial unit, having a speed and a direction component. Such overall effect can then be calculated with Amdahl's law: Here is the fraction of the system (when this fraction generates 5% of the car's drag, then is 0.05) that can be improved, is the improvement factor on this fraction (division of the drag in Newtons and the new drag force after improving that element), and is the overall improvement that will be achieved. Formula 1 Champion Lewis Hamilton began racing at the age of seven. Due to the change of direction of air around the wing, a vortex is created where the airflow meets unchanged, straight flow. Ultimately, as with all sports, the myriad of numbers and calculations all feed into a select few benchmarks that define F1 success. The author heads the F1 business division in Tata Communications. As a result, they became very interested in the whole area.Functionality development requests soon followed and after my MSc submission and a couple of extended contracts with McLaren, I finally joined the Team as an employee in October 1996.Since 2011 you have been working at Ferrari. Additionally, drag is a form of resistance from the air against the solid moving object. Behind the cars and drivers, there is an entirely different kind of race taking place. We look at various areas of the Company to assist where we can by observing the current process or activity in place, modelling it and then, where appropriate, optimising or putting new understandings, processes or software in place to improve.How have race strategy tools evolved over time?In 1995, as a student, I created my first algorithms - it was a single car, single track, with parameters of weight effect, fuel load, fuel flow time, pitstop crew time, pitlane time loss and tyre degradation. Out of that theory, Daniel Bernouilli deducted a formula proving that the total energy in a steadily flowing fluid system is a constant along the flow path. From a spectator's point of view, a car can be considered in (at least) 3 parts: the front wing, the car's body and the rear wing. In layman’s terms, the numbers are changing all the time. Further, it allowed us to run real time Monte Carlo simulations to answer questions like: ‘Given the race information to the current lap, what is the best action to undertake if our competitor executes a three stop strategy?’, ‘What is the best strategy for our competitors to use?’Are numbers always telling the truth or is "gut feeling" sometimes stronger?In the very beginning when I was the 'new kid with numbers', people with years of experience – who were mainly on the pitwall and were at the top of the Company - would remember a certain set of criteria at a certain race and cite this as the reason why the new methods were about to fail. As a result, no element is tested individually, but always a complete scale model of a car. ETAuto.com shall not be responsible for any damage caused to any person/organisation directly or indirectly. Adding up the pressure variation times the area around the entire body determines the aerodynamic force on the body. 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