[42] Between 26 May and 4 June 1940, some 330,000 Allied troops escaped from the Germans at Dunkirk.[43]. The commune of Calais is divided into 13 quartiers : Changes in the number of inhabitants is known throughout the population censuses conducted since 1793 in Calais. One of these victims, Delpierre Auguste, (1889–1910), drowned at age 21 before the beach at Calais; a dock in the city is named for him. A hastily assembled fleet of 850 'little ships', code-named 'Operation Dynamo', departed from Britain (many making several return voyages) and rescued over 338,000 British and French troops. During the English invasion in 1346, sluices gates were added as water defences and a fort was built up around it in 1525 on the principle that the people of the fort could defend the town by flooding it. [99] During the ensuing German occupation, it became the command post for German forces in the Pas-de-Calais/Flanders region and was very heavily fortified, as it was generally believed by the Germans that the Allies would invade at that point. Calais is a major port for ferries between France and England, and since 1994, the Channel Tunnel has linked nearby Coquelles to Folkestone by rail. [65] Principal imports in the early 20th century included cotton and silk goods, coal, iron and steel, petroleum, timber, raw wool, cotton yarn and cork. Companies operating from Calais include SeaFrance (currently in liquidation[61]), DFDS Seaways,[62] and P&O Ferries. In 1532, English king Henry VIII visited Calais and his men calculated that the town had about 2400 beds and stabling to keep some 2000 horses. Follow the A16 autoroute from Calais to Dunkirk. The casino features slot machines, blackjack, roulette, and poker facilities.[96]. Help this account by hitting the subscribe button on this new youtube channel. [22], Calais was regarded for many years as being an integral part of the Kingdom of England, with its representatives sitting in the English Parliament. [81] During World War II it served as an air raid shelter. [67], The town centre, which has seen significant regeneration over the past decade, is dominated by its distinctive town hall (Hôtel de Ville) at Place du Soldat Inconnu. [74][75] General de Gaulle married Yvonne Vendroux on 6 April 1921 at the cathedral. [84] By 1815 the fort had fallen into a ruined state and it wasn't until 1903 that it was sold and improved by its farmer tenants. [109] On average, ships sail from the port every 30 minutes. [20], The town came to be called the "brightest jewel in the English crown" owing to its great importance as the gateway for the tin, lead, cloth and wool trades (or "staples"). That’s what the Nazis had in mind when the built the bunker, now a museum, within the walled and shadowy Parc St. Pierre/St. Places to see in ( Calais - France ) Calais is a port city in northern France. [89] It contains a statue designed by Yves de Coëtlogon in 1962, remembering both world wars with an allegorical figure, representing Peace, which clutches an olive branch to her breast. Local bus services are provided by STCE. [86] The theatre opened in 1905. It was the painter Édouard Lévêque [fr] who coined the name for this area in 1911 to describe the distinctive quality of its light.[57]. [4] Calais overlooks the Strait of Dover, the narrowest point in the English Channel, which is only 34 km (21 mi) wide here, and is the closest French town to England. An earthquake in 1580 split the tower in two, and at one time it threatened to collapse completely. This is a complete German bunker used in World War 2 and is so full of authentic and useful information of that period that it will take a good 3 hours to view it. Roads into Calais were closed and drivers were being diverted to Dunkirk. [36], From medieval times, English companies thrived in Calais. The town was virtually razed to the ground during World War II, when in May 1940, it was a strategic bombing target of the invading German forces who took the town during the Siege of Calais. There are several schools in Calais. Free car parking facilities are available in front of the Calais ferry terminal and the maximum stay is three days. Arguably, it is the only church built in the English perpendicular style in all of France. [71] It contains elements of Flemish, Gothic, Anglo-Norman and Tudor architecture. It contained eighteen figures, the two standing on either side of the altar-piece—representing St. Louis and Charlemagne. Under tree cover, it is difficult to see from the street (Avenue du President Wilson) or from the air in a satellite view yet it is a three-minute walk from the main rail terminal Calais-Ville. Fort Nieulay, located along the Avenue Roger Salengro originally dated to the 12th or 13th century. Calais Lighthouse (French: Phare de Calais) is located in Calais in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. At a midnight conference on June 9, Hitler cancelled orders to send those forces to Normandy. The modern part of the town, St-Pierre, lies to the south and south-east. [5], English wool trade interests and King Edward III's claims to be heir to the Kingdom of France led to the Battle of Crécy between England and France in 1346,[10] followed by Edward's siege and capture of Calais in 1347.

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